[ causes and therapeutic results of infertility through laparoscopy]

Laparoscopy is one of the diagnostic and therapeutic methods used for infertility. With this method, the causes of infertility [including pelvic, tubal and ovarian factors] which are not usually signified in primary evaluations can be diagnosed and treated; thus, avoiding some unnecessary therapeutic expenditure such as ART [Artificial Reproductive Techniques]. This cohort study was performed on 140 infertile patients referring to a professional clinic of gynecology and infertility from 1383 [H.S.] to 1386 [H.S.]. Having gone under primary clinical and para-clinical evaluations as well as medical treatments, these patients were nominated for laparoscopy in Aria and Mousa-ibn-Ja'far hospitals. According to the laparoscopic results, the patients were identified with either primary or secondary infertility. Then, the patients were treated accordingly. Finally, the follow-up evaluation of the fertility outcomes [pregnancy rate and miscarriage] was carried out within one year thereafter. 74% of the patients were diagnosed with primary infertility and the other 26% with secondary infertility. The most common cause of primary infertility was found to be PCOS while secondary infertility was mostly caused by tubal factor. The successful rate of pregnancy in patients with endometriosis was 58.1%; with tubal factor 44.1%; with PCOS 66.7%; with uterus anomaly 40%; with both PCOS and endometriosis 71.4% and in patients with both PCOS and tubal factor, it was measured as 22.2%. As for miscarriage, the rate was found to be 6.4% in patients with endometirosis; 8.8% in patients with tubal factor; 2.5% in those with PCOS and 11.1% in the patients who were diagnosed with both PCOS and tubal factor. No miscarriage was observed neither in the patient with uterus anomaly nor in those with both PCOS and endometriosis. According to the results of this study, laparoscopy is a safe method in diagnosing tubal, pelvic and ovarian factors and can improve the fertility outcomes in the patients

Mottled enamel in a military educational center in Teheran, Iran

A survey of mottled enamel in a military educational center in Karaj area of metropolitan Tehran was conducted from August to September 1978, on a population of 1789 student, aged 18-23 gathered from 32 areas of Iran. Dean clinical standards used for diagnosing dental fluorsis and Orion lonalyzer Fluoride Electrode was used to determine the fluoride content of communal waters of endemic areas. The conclusion asserted is that the index of dental fluorsis in the population under the study is 0.04. The survey showed 15 mottled enamel area in Iran, with fluouide concentration of domestic and drinking water from 0.7 to 3.8 ppm